Which two genera are named as Veillonella's potential coaggregating partners?

Which two genera are named as Veillonella's potential coaggregating partners?

• A. Streptococcus and Actinomyces
• B. Streptococcus and Lactobacillus
• C. Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium
• D. Veillonella and Streptococcus

Answer: (A)

Coaggregation in dental plaque is when different species stick to one another to build a mixed biofilm. Veillonella are anaerobic bacteria that rely on metabolites produced by others, especially lactate from early colonizers, so they naturally partner with those lactate producers. Streptococcus species generate lactate and also provide a surface to which Veillonella can adhere, making a practical and common pairing in the developing plaque. Actinomyces are another group that colonizes early on and interacts with Veillonella through surface adhesions, helping Veillonella integrate into the biofilm. Because of these close attachment interactions and the metabolic cross-feeding between Veillonella and these early colonizers, Streptococcus and Actinomyces are named as Veillonella’s potential coaggregating partners.

Coaggregation in dental plaque is when different species stick to one another to build a mixed biofilm. Veillonella are anaerobic bacteria that rely on metabolites produced by others, especially lactate from early colonizers, so they naturally partner with those lactate producers. Streptococcus species generate lactate and also provide a surface to which Veillonella can adhere, making a practical and common pairing in the developing plaque. Actinomyces are another group that colonizes early on and interacts with Veillonella through surface adhesions, helping Veillonella integrate into the biofilm. Because of these close attachment interactions and the metabolic cross-feeding between Veillonella and these early colonizers, Streptococcus and Actinomyces are named as Veillonella’s potential coaggregating partners.